Nitisinone for Alkaptonuria

Nitisinone is in clinical development for the treatment of alkaptonuria. Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disorder, in which patients lack a functional enzyme that prevents the body fully breaking down two amino acids called tyrosine and phenylalanine. This results in a build-up of a chemical called homogentisic acid (HGA) in the body, which is deposited as black pigment in tissues, in a process called ochronosis. This results in dark colouration of urine, joint problems, breathing difficulties and heart, kidney and prostate problems. In the later stage, patients may experience physical disability and inability to perform daily activities. Early recognition and management of alkaptonuria is desirable to slow the progression of this disease.
Nitisinone, which is administered orally, works by blocking the production of the HGA molecule, and early trial evidence confirms a reduction in HGA levels and suggests the nitisinone could slow down or stop the disease and may partially reverse ochronosis. If licensed, nitisinone may provide the first pharmacological treatment option for patients with alkaptonuria who do not have any approved treatment.