Ixekizumab as subcutaneous injection is in clinical development for people with radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis who have not responded favourably to previous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic form of arthritis that causes significant inflammatory low back and/or buttock pain that persists more than three months. The condition affects the bones and joints at the base of the spine where it connects with the pelvis. When the disease is active, these joints become inflamed. Axial spondyloarthritis is divided into two sub-groups depending on whether the clear structural damage can (radiographic) or cannot (non-radiographic) be seen using radiographic imaging.
Ixekizumab is an engineered antibody designed to bind and obstruct the pro-inflammatory interleukin-17A (IL-17A) signalling molecule. It has been suggested that IL-17 may be a crucial mediator of inflammation in the pathway that leads to the development and progression of axial spondyloarthritis. By blocking this pathway, ixekizumab may help prevent joint inflammation, bone erosion, and bone fusion in a patient population where few alternative therapies exist in instances of previous treatment failure.
Drugs
October 2019
Tofacitinib works by blocking the action of enzymes known as Janus kinases. These enzymes play an important role in the inflammatory process. By blocking the enzymes’ action, tofacitinib helps reduce the inflammation and other symptoms of these diseases. Tofacitinib is an oral alternative to the available biological medicines for children with JIA, most of which are administered by injection. If licensed, tofacitinib may offer an additional treatment option for polyarticular JIA with the potential advantage of improving the quality of life of children due to its oral formulation.