Nivolumab with ipilimumab for previously untreated locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab is in clinical development for the treatment of previously untreated locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is the most common form of lung cancer. Locally advanced NSCLC means the cancer is in more than one lobe of the lung, or it has spread to lymph nodes or nearby structures in the chest. Smoking tobacco is the cause of most lung cancers and the biggest risk factor. Other risk factors include second-hand smoke, exposure to workplace carcinogens, radiation exposure, environmental pollution, and family history of lung cancer. Current standard of care treatment can help to control the cancer for some time and reduce symptoms, however, there can still be poor long-term outcomes for these NSCLC patients despite chemotherapy and immunotherapy.